基于平面度的燃料电池电化学性能模拟

 固体氧化物燃料电池的翘曲会影响电极-盖板界面的接触情况，从而影响电化学性能，对相关制造工艺提出了很大的挑战．为了分析燃料电池平面度对放电过程的影响，揭示其潜在的风险，我们建立了两个基于有限元法的仿真模型，对考虑平面度缺陷的燃料电池封装和放电进行分析．在对固体氧化物燃料电池进行平面度测量的基础上，首先建立了具有真实燃料电池翘曲特性的几何模型，分析封装过程中接触压力的分布情况．然后将接触电阻的仿真结果导入到三维多物理场耦合模型中，模拟具有平面度缺陷的燃料电池电化学性能．计算结果展示了燃料电池两侧封装过程中接触压力的分布情况．通过对比有接触电阻和无接触电阻的燃料电池电流密度，分析了电池与盖板的接触对放电过程的影响．结果表明，燃料电池的凹陷面较难达到满意的接触状态，需要比凸起面更大的封装压力．燃料电池表面接触电阻的变化将引起电流传导路径的变化，产生局部高电流或低电流．这项工作强调了在燃料电池中保持均匀分布的接触电阻的重要性，为今后的优化工作奠定了基础．     

Dielectrophoretically Modulated Optical Spectroscopy of Colloidal Nanoparticle Solutions in Microfluidic Channels

Optical spectroscopic techniques (e.g., extinction, scattering, and fluorescence spectroscopies) are important for the analysis of colloidal solutions of nanoparticles (NPs). They are routinely applied to plasmonic and quantum-dot NP samples assuming that these contain a single population of particles with modest size and shape dispersity. However, these spectroscopic techniques become less effective when the sample is a mixture of particles with different sizes, shapes, or composition. Here, an original microfluidic method is proposed for the optical spectroscopic analysis of colloidal NP solutions that combines periodic trapping of NPs by dielectrophoresis (DEP) with in situ optical extinction spectroscopy. The periodic trapping leads to modulation of the continuously monitored optical spectrum depending on the DEP properties of the NPs. DEP-modulated spectroscopy is demonstrated using colloidal gold NPs as small as 40 nm diameter. It is found that the DEP modulation is significantly enhanced when employing suitable microfluidic flow over a multielectrode array. Finally, it is shown that the method can identify and characterize the NP species simultaneously present in a mixture of 40 and 80 nm gold NPs, opening the way toward optical spectroscopic analysis of higher complexity NP mixtures through the combination of the DEP-modulated spectroscopy with chemometric methods.     

A High Sensitive,Reproducible and Disposable Immunosensor for Analysis of SOX2

In this study, an ITO (indium tin oxide) based biosensor was constructed to detect SOX2. SOX2 helps the regulation of cell pluripotency and is closely related to early embryonic development, neural and sexual differentiation. SOX2 is amplified and overexpressed in some malignant tumors such as squamous cell, lung, prostate, breast, esophageal cell, colon, ovarian, glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. To generate a hydroxylated clean electrode surface, ITO electrodes were treated with NH₄OH/H₂O₂/H₂O. Later, ITO‐PET electrode surfaces were modified with 3‐glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (3‐GOPS). Then, Anti‐SOX2 was covalently immobilized onto the electrode surfaces. 3‐GOPS concentration, Anti‐SOX2 concentration and incubation time, SOX2 incubation time were optimized. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were utilized in order to follow up the immobilization processes and the optimization steps of the biosensor. To characterize the analytical properties of constructed immunosensor; linear range, repeatability, reproducibility and regeneration studies were investigated. The linear range of the immunosensor was detected as 0.625 pg/mL–62.5 pg/mL. Square wave voltammetry technique was also applied to the biosensor. Storage life of the biosensor was determined for identifying the possible usability of the biosensor in clinical field. Finally, the designed biosensor was applied to the real human serum samples. The results obtained with the presented biosensor were also compared with ELISA results.     

湿度对水泥生料近红外光谱检测的影响及补偿方法

近红外光谱检测已被应用于水泥生料成分的快速检测,但现场环境中的湿度等因素会对光谱产生干扰,从而降低检测精度。为了提高检测精度,在实验分析湿度对水泥生料近红外光谱检测影响的基础上研究了补偿方法。在水泥厂选取了24份水泥生料样本,其中18份作为校正集,6份作为验证集;水泥生料中的有效成分为SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3和CaCO3,各成分含量的标准值由X射线荧光光谱分析测出。首先,将校正集的18份样本每份重复装样测5次光谱,用得到的90个光谱建立模型Ⅰ;再每份样品制作5个湿度梯度样本,其获得过程为,先将样本放置在电加热平台上,用玻璃棒将样本摊平,180℃下加热30 min,再将样本放置在散热片上进行降温,待样品恢复室温后取出进行第一次光谱扫描,得到1个光谱,将测量后的样本放入搅拌器,使用装有去离子水的喷雾器对其喷雾两次,然后搅拌30 s混合均匀,测量混合后的样本得到下一个光谱,重复该过程,得到具有湿度梯度的5个光谱。所有样本均采用烘干法进行湿度测量,样本湿度变化区间在0.6%~2%以内。对每个湿度梯度的样本测量1次,用得到的这90个光谱建立模型Ⅱ。然后,将验证集的6份样本每份制作5个湿度梯度,获取方式与校正集相同,对每个湿度梯度的样本测量1次,得到30个光谱。所有光谱均采用多元散射校正预处理,拟合波段选择4000~5000 cm^-1,建模方法采用偏最小二乘法。比较同一份样本的5个湿度梯度,可以看到在5200 cm^-1处光谱差异最大,在其他位置也有肉眼可见的明显差异,因此,湿度变化对全波段光谱有明显的影响。最后,将这30个光谱输入模型Ⅰ与模型Ⅱ进行验证,并对比模型Ⅰ与模型Ⅱ的预测均方根误差RMSEP。模型Ⅱ中SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3和CaCO3的预测均方根误差RMSEP比模型Ⅰ分别减小了25%,31.3%,33.3%和25%。实验结果表明,水泥生料样本湿度对近红外光谱模型的预测结果具有一定的影响,采用具有湿度梯度的样本进行建模可有效降低湿度对预测结果的影响。     

小直径棒材超声横波检测仿真分析

采用超声水浸聚焦斜入射方式进行小棒材表面、近表缺陷检测时,声波在水/棒和棒/缺陷界面会发生反射、折射、散射、衍射及波形转换等一系列物理变换。此时缺陷可检性对声波入射条件十分敏感,常出现由于检测条件设置不当而导致缺陷漏检、误检的情况。为解决这一问题,本文针对小棒材超声斜入射检测中的主要参数——入射角和水距,开展声场及缺陷声响应仿真,研究检测参数对不同部位缺陷检测能力的影响,并对仿真结果进行试验验证。通过研究得到了检测水距、入射角度对缺陷检测能力的影响,并得到最优检测条件。试验验证结果表明研究制定的检测方案可有效检测出表面、近表面裂纹缺陷。     

Investigation of electrochemical performance of MgNiO2 prepared by sol-gel synthesis route for aqueous-based supercapacitor application

In this work, we have successfully synthesized MgNiO₂ using a sol-gel wet chemical synthesis technique named MNO - 3. Electrochemical measurements in the presence of aqueous 1 M Li₂SO₄ electrolyte indicate that MNO - 3 samples exhibit a capacitance value of about 30 F/g and an energy density of about 20 Wh/kg. Subsequently, in the experiment involving aqueous 0.5 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte system, it has been found that the capacitance for MNO - 3 sample is about 34 F/g and the energy density is about 23 Wh/kg for MNO - 3 sample. Finally, in the presence of aqueous-based 1 M Mg(ClO₄)₂ electrolyte, MNO - 3 sample is found to exhibit a capacitance of about 26 F/g and an energy density of about 17 Wh/kg, respectively. In all three electrolyte systems, the MNO -3 sample exhibit a long cycle capacitance retention of greater than 85% for 1000 charge-discharge cycles.     

基于科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹带通滤波器

太赫兹滤波器是太赫兹通信、太赫兹成像和太赫兹检测等太赫兹应用系统中不可或缺的功能器件。按照不同的分类方式,滤波器有不同的种类,常见的按照选频功能可分为高通滤波器、低通滤波器、带阻滤波器和带通滤波器。为了实现在太赫兹波段的滤波效果,世界各地的研究人员利用不同的结构、材料和控制方式实现了功能各异的太赫兹滤波器,但是考虑到设计的器件要应用到太赫兹系统中,成本低廉、结构简单、性能优越的太赫兹滤波器一直是研究人员的追求。分形概念自提出以来在很多研究领域都有了快速发展,但是在太赫兹波段的应用还不是很常见,特别是应用于太赫兹功能器件的设计。引入分形中科赫曲线的概念设计并制备了一种新型的太赫兹带通滤波器,该滤波器是在金属薄膜上刻蚀出科赫曲线分形结构,当太赫兹波垂直入射到该滤波器时候实现了在太赫兹波段的窄带滤波。在滤波器的设计过程中,追求理论与实验相结合,首先在电磁仿真软件中建立科赫曲线分形结构滤波器模型进行计算,探究分形结构应用于太赫兹波段进行滤波的可行性,在进行多次计算之后得到优化后的尺寸和结构,然后根据优化后的尺寸加工出科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹滤波器样品,并且将样品放在太赫兹时域光谱系统中进行实验测量,得到实验数据后与仿真结果进行比较。在仿真中利用了时域有限差分法模拟科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹带通滤波器的传输特性,优化后的仿真结果表明:滤波器的谐振频率为0.715 THz,透射系数能够达到0.92,-3 dB带宽为21.9 GHz,将仿真得到的散射参数进行S参数反演得到了太赫兹滤波器样品的电磁参数,这在理论上分析了太赫兹波在谐振点处产生透射增强的原因。利用飞秒激光微加工系统制备了尺寸优化后的科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹带通滤波器样品,然后使用太赫兹时域光谱系统对样品的传输特性进行测试,对实验得到的时域数据进行快速傅里叶变换之后得到频域数据,再把频域数据进行归一化处理后与之前的电磁仿真结果进行对比,发现实验测得的结果与电磁软件仿真得到的结果较为吻合。